vikunja-api/docs/concepts.md
2018-10-06 15:47:26 +02:00

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# Architectural concepts
Vikunja was built with a maximum flexibility in mind while developing. To achive this, I built a set of easy-to-use
functions and respective web handlers, all represented through interfaces.
## CRUDable
This interface defines methods to Create/Read/ReadAll/Update/Delete something. In order to use the common web
handler, the struct must implement this and the `Rights` interface.
The interface is defined as followed:
```go
type CRUDable interface {
Create(*User) error
ReadOne() error
ReadAll(*User) (interface{}, error)
Update() error
Delete() error
}
```
Each of these methods is called on an instance of a struct like so:
```go
func (l *List) ReadOne() (err error) {
*l, err = GetListByID(l.ID)
return
}
```
In that case, it takes the `ID` saved in the struct instance, gets the full list object and fills the original object with it.
(See parambinder to understand where that `ID` is coming from).
All functions should behave like this, if they create or update something, they should return the created/updated struct
instance. The only exception is `ReadAll()` which returns an interface. Usually this is an array, because, well you cannot
make an array of a set type (If you know a way to do this, don't hesitate to drop me a message).
## Rights
This interface defines methods to check for rights on structs. They accept a `User` as parameter and usually return a `bool`.
The interface is defined as followed:
```go
type Rights interface {
IsAdmin(*User) bool
CanWrite(*User) bool
CanRead(*User) bool
CanDelete(*User) bool
CanUpdate(*User) bool
CanCreate(*User) bool
}
```
When using the standard web handler, all methods except `CanRead()` are called before their `CRUD` counterparts. `CanRead()`
is called after `ReadOne()` was invoked as this would otherwise mean getting an object from the db to check if the user has the
right to see it and then getting it again if thats the case. Calling the function afterwards means we only have to get the
object once.
## Standard web handler
## Errors
Error types with their messages and http-codes are set in `models/error.go`. If the error type implements `HTTPError`, the server returns a user-friendly error message when this error occours. This means it returns a good HTTP status code, a message, and an error code. The error code should be unique across all error codes and can be used on the client to show a localized error message or do other stuff based on the exact error the server returns. That way the client won't have to "guess" that the error message remains the same over multiple versions of Vikunja.
An `HTTPError` is defined as follows:
```go
type HTTPError struct {
HTTPCode int `json:"-"` // Can be any valid HTTP status code, I'd reccomend to use the constants of the http package.
Code int `json:"code"` // Must be a uniqe int identifier for this specific error. I'd reccomend defining a constant for this.
Message string `json:"message"` // A user-readable message what went wrong.
}
```