mitgliederverwaltung/lib/mv/authorization/checks/has_permission.ex

defmodule Mv.Authorization.Checks.HasPermission do
  @moduledoc """
  Custom Ash Policy Check that evaluates permissions from the PermissionSets module.

  This check:
  1. Reads the actor's role and permission_set_name
  2. Looks up permissions from PermissionSets.get_permissions/1
  3. Finds matching permission for current resource + action
  4. Applies scope filter (:own, :linked, :all)

  ## Usage in Ash Resource

      policies do
        policy action_type(:read) do
          authorize_if Mv.Authorization.Checks.HasPermission
        end
      end

  ## Scope Behavior

  - **:all** - Authorizes without filtering (returns all records)
  - **:own** - Filters to records where record.id == actor.id
  - **:linked** - Filters based on resource type:
    - Member: `id == actor.member_id` (User.member_id → Member.id, inverse relationship)
    - CustomFieldValue: `member_id == actor.member_id` (CustomFieldValue.member_id → Member.id → User.member_id)

  ## Error Handling

  Returns `false` for:
  - Missing actor
  - Actor without role
  - Invalid permission_set_name
  - No matching permission found

  All errors result in Forbidden (policy fails).

  ## Examples

      # In a resource policy
      policies do
        policy action_type([:read, :create, :update, :destroy]) do
          authorize_if Mv.Authorization.Checks.HasPermission
        end
      end
  """

  use Ash.Policy.Check
  require Ash.Query
  import Ash.Expr
  alias Mv.Authorization.PermissionSets
  require Logger

  @impl true
  def describe(_opts) do
    "checks if actor has permission via their role's permission set"
  end

  @impl true
  def strict_check(actor, authorizer, _opts) do
    resource = authorizer.resource
    action = get_action_from_authorizer(authorizer)
    record = get_record_from_authorizer(authorizer)

    cond do
      is_nil(actor) ->
        log_auth_failure(actor, resource, action, "no actor")
        {:ok, false}

      is_nil(action) ->
        log_auth_failure(
          actor,
          resource,
          action,
          "authorizer subject shape unsupported (no action)"
        )

        {:ok, false}

      true ->
        strict_check_with_permissions(actor, resource, action, record)
    end
  end

  # Helper function to reduce nesting depth
  defp strict_check_with_permissions(actor, resource, action, record) do
    with %{role: %{permission_set_name: ps_name}} when not is_nil(ps_name) <- actor,
         {:ok, ps_atom} <- PermissionSets.permission_set_name_to_atom(ps_name),
         permissions <- PermissionSets.get_permissions(ps_atom),
         resource_name <- get_resource_name(resource) do
      case check_permission(
             permissions.resources,
             resource_name,
             action,
             actor,
             resource_name
           ) do
        :authorized ->
          {:ok, true}

        {:filter, filter_expr} ->
          # For strict_check on single records, evaluate the filter against the record
          evaluate_filter_for_strict_check(filter_expr, actor, record, resource_name)

        false ->
          {:ok, false}
      end
    else
      %{role: nil} ->
        log_auth_failure(actor, resource, action, "no role assigned")
        {:ok, false}

      %{role: %{permission_set_name: nil}} ->
        log_auth_failure(actor, resource, action, "role has no permission_set_name")
        {:ok, false}

      {:error, :invalid_permission_set} ->
        log_auth_failure(actor, resource, action, "invalid permission_set_name")
        {:ok, false}

      _ ->
        log_auth_failure(actor, resource, action, "missing data")
        {:ok, false}
    end
  end

  @impl true
  def auto_filter(actor, authorizer, _opts) do
    resource = authorizer.resource
    action = get_action_from_authorizer(authorizer)

    cond do
      is_nil(actor) ->
        # No actor - deny access (fail-closed)
        # Return filter that never matches (using impossible condition)
        # This ensures no records are returned when actor is missing
        [id: {:not, {:in, []}}]

      is_nil(action) ->
        # Cannot determine action - deny access (fail-closed)
        [id: {:not, {:in, []}}]

      true ->
        auto_filter_with_permissions(actor, resource, action)
    end
  end

  # Helper function to reduce nesting depth
  defp auto_filter_with_permissions(actor, resource, action) do
    with %{role: %{permission_set_name: ps_name}} when not is_nil(ps_name) <- actor,
         {:ok, ps_atom} <- PermissionSets.permission_set_name_to_atom(ps_name),
         permissions <- PermissionSets.get_permissions(ps_atom),
         resource_name <- get_resource_name(resource) do
      case check_permission(
             permissions.resources,
             resource_name,
             action,
             actor,
             resource_name
           ) do
        :authorized ->
          # :all scope - allow all records (no filter)
          # Return empty keyword list (no filtering)
          []

        {:filter, filter_expr} ->
          # :linked or :own scope - apply filter
          # filter_expr is a keyword list from expr(...), return it directly
          filter_expr

        false ->
          # No permission - deny access (fail-closed)
          # Return filter that never matches (using impossible condition)
          [id: {:not, {:in, []}}]
      end
    else
      _ ->
        # Error case (no role, invalid permission set, etc.) - deny access (fail-closed)
        [id: {:not, {:in, []}}]
    end
  end

  # Helper to extract action type from authorizer
  # CRITICAL: Must use action_type, not action.name!
  # Action types: :create, :read, :update, :destroy
  # Action names: :create_member, :update_member, etc.
  # PermissionSets uses action types, not action names
  #
  # Prefer authorizer.action.type (stable API) over authorizer.subject (varies by context)
  defp get_action_from_authorizer(authorizer) do
    # Primary: Use authorizer.action.type (stable API)
    case Map.get(authorizer, :action) do
      %{type: action_type} when action_type in [:create, :read, :update, :destroy] ->
        action_type

      _ ->
        # Fallback: Try authorizer.subject (for compatibility with different Ash versions/contexts)
        case Map.get(authorizer, :subject) do
          %{action_type: action_type} when action_type in [:create, :read, :update, :destroy] ->
            action_type

          %{action: %{type: action_type}}
          when action_type in [:create, :read, :update, :destroy] ->
            action_type

          _ ->
            nil
        end
    end
  end

  # Helper to extract record from authorizer for strict_check
  defp get_record_from_authorizer(authorizer) do
    case authorizer.subject do
      %{data: data} when not is_nil(data) -> data
      _ -> nil
    end
  end

  # Evaluate filter expression for strict_check on single records
  # For :linked scope with Member resource: id == actor.member_id
  defp evaluate_filter_for_strict_check(_filter_expr, actor, record, resource_name) do
    case {resource_name, record} do
      {"Member", %{id: member_id}} when not is_nil(member_id) ->
        # Check if this member's ID matches the actor's member_id
        if member_id == actor.member_id do
          {:ok, true}
        else
          {:ok, false}
        end

      {"CustomFieldValue", %{member_id: cfv_member_id}} when not is_nil(cfv_member_id) ->
        # Check if this CFV's member_id matches the actor's member_id
        if cfv_member_id == actor.member_id do
          {:ok, true}
        else
          {:ok, false}
        end

      _ ->
        # For other cases or when record is not available, return :unknown
        # This will cause Ash to use auto_filter instead
        {:ok, :unknown}
    end
  end

  # Extract resource name from module (e.g., Mv.Membership.Member -> "Member")
  defp get_resource_name(resource) when is_atom(resource) do
    resource |> Module.split() |> List.last()
  end

  # Find matching permission and apply scope
  defp check_permission(resource_perms, resource_name, action, actor, resource_name_for_logging) do
    case Enum.find(resource_perms, fn perm ->
           perm.resource == resource_name and perm.action == action and perm.granted
         end) do
      nil ->
        log_auth_failure(actor, resource_name_for_logging, action, "no matching permission found")
        false

      perm ->
        apply_scope(perm.scope, actor, resource_name)
    end
  end

  # Scope: all - No filtering, access to all records
  defp apply_scope(:all, _actor, _resource) do
    :authorized
  end

  # Scope: own - Filter to records where record.id == actor.id
  # Used for User resource (users can access their own user record)
  defp apply_scope(:own, actor, _resource) do
    {:filter, expr(id == ^actor.id)}
  end

  # Scope: linked - Filter based on user relationship (resource-specific!)
  # IMPORTANT: Understand the relationship direction!
  # - User belongs_to :member (User.member_id → Member.id)
  # - Member has_one :user (inverse, no FK on Member)
  defp apply_scope(:linked, actor, resource_name) do
    case resource_name do
      "Member" ->
        # User.member_id → Member.id (inverse relationship)
        # Filter: member.id == actor.member_id
        {:filter, expr(id == ^actor.member_id)}

      "CustomFieldValue" ->
        # CustomFieldValue.member_id → Member.id → User.member_id
        # Filter: custom_field_value.member_id == actor.member_id
        {:filter, expr(member_id == ^actor.member_id)}

      _ ->
        # Fallback for other resources
        {:filter, expr(user_id == ^actor.id)}
    end
  end

  # Log authorization failures for debugging (lazy evaluation)
  defp log_auth_failure(actor, resource, action, reason) do
    Logger.debug(fn ->
      actor_id = if is_map(actor), do: Map.get(actor, :id), else: "nil"
      resource_name = get_resource_name_for_logging(resource)

      """
      Authorization failed:
        Actor: #{actor_id}
        Resource: #{resource_name}
        Action: #{inspect(action)}
        Reason: #{reason}
      """
    end)
  end

  # Helper to extract resource name for logging (handles both atoms and strings)
  defp get_resource_name_for_logging(resource) when is_atom(resource) do
    resource |> Module.split() |> List.last()
  end

  defp get_resource_name_for_logging(resource) when is_binary(resource) do
    resource
  end

  defp get_resource_name_for_logging(_resource) do
    "unknown"
  end
end