mitgliederverwaltung/lib/mv/membership/import/header_mapper.ex

defmodule Mv.Membership.Import.HeaderMapper do
  @moduledoc """
  Maps CSV headers to canonical member fields and custom fields.

  Provides header normalization and mapping functionality for CSV imports.
  Handles bilingual header variants (English/German) and custom field detection.

  ## Header Normalization

  Headers are normalized using the following rules:
  - Trim whitespace
  - Convert to lowercase
  - Unicode normalization (ß → ss, ä → ae, ö → oe, ü → ue)
  - Remove all whitespace (ensures "first name" == "firstname")
  - Unify hyphen variants (en dash, minus sign → standard hyphen)
  - Remove or unify punctuation (parentheses, slashes → spaces)

  ## Member Field Mapping

  Maps CSV headers to canonical member fields:
  - `email` (required)
  - `first_name` (optional)
  - `last_name` (optional)
  - `street` (optional)
  - `postal_code` (optional)
  - `city` (optional)

  Supports both English and German variants (e.g., "Email" / "E-Mail", "First Name" / "Vorname").

  ## Custom Field Detection

  Custom fields are detected by matching normalized header names to custom field names.
  Member fields have priority over custom fields (member field wins in case of collision).

  ## Examples

      iex> HeaderMapper.normalize_header("  E-Mail  ")
      "e-mail"

      iex> HeaderMapper.build_maps(["Email", "First Name"], [])
      {:ok, %{member: %{email: 0, first_name: 1}, custom: %{}, unknown: []}}

      iex> HeaderMapper.build_maps(["Email", "CustomField"], [%{id: "cf1", name: "CustomField"}])
      {:ok, %{member: %{email: 0}, custom: %{"cf1" => 1}, unknown: []}}
  """

  @type column_map :: %{atom() => non_neg_integer()}
  @type custom_field_map :: %{String.t() => non_neg_integer()}
  @type unknown_headers :: [String.t()]

  # Required member fields
  @required_member_fields [:email]

  # Canonical member fields with their raw variants
  # These will be normalized at runtime when building the lookup map
  @member_field_variants_raw %{
    email: [
      "email",
      "e-mail",
      "e_mail",
      "e mail",
      "e-mail adresse",
      "e-mail-adresse",
      "mail"
    ],
    first_name: [
      "first name",
      "firstname",
      "vorname"
    ],
    last_name: [
      "last name",
      "lastname",
      "surname",
      "nachname",
      "familienname"
    ],
    street: [
      "street",
      "address",
      "strasse"
    ],
    postal_code: [
      "postal code",
      "postal_code",
      "zip",
      "postcode",
      "plz",
      "postleitzahl"
    ],
    city: [
      "city",
      "town",
      "stadt",
      "ort"
    ]
  }

  # Build reverse map: normalized_variant -> canonical_field
  # Cached on first access for performance
  defp normalized_to_canonical do
    cached = Process.get({__MODULE__, :normalized_to_canonical})

    if cached do
      cached
    else
      map = build_normalized_to_canonical_map()
      Process.put({__MODULE__, :normalized_to_canonical}, map)
      map
    end
  end

  # Builds the normalized variant -> canonical field map
  defp build_normalized_to_canonical_map do
    @member_field_variants_raw
    |> Enum.flat_map(&map_variants_to_normalized/1)
    |> Map.new()
  end

  # Maps a canonical field and its variants to normalized tuples
  defp map_variants_to_normalized({canonical, variants}) do
    Enum.map(variants, fn variant ->
      {normalize_header(variant), canonical}
    end)
  end

  @doc """
  Normalizes a CSV header string for comparison.

  Applies the following transformations:
  - Trim whitespace
  - Convert to lowercase
  - Unicode transliteration (ß → ss, ä → ae, ö → oe, ü → ue)
  - Unify hyphen variants (en dash U+2013, minus sign U+2212 → standard hyphen)
  - Remove or unify punctuation (parentheses, slashes → spaces)
  - Remove all whitespace (ensures "first name" == "firstname")
  - Final trim

  ## Examples

      iex> normalize_header("  E-Mail  ")
      "e-mail"

      iex> normalize_header("Straße")
      "strasse"

      iex> normalize_header("E-Mail (privat)")
      "e-mailprivat"

      iex> normalize_header("First Name")
      "firstname"

  """
  @spec normalize_header(String.t()) :: String.t()
  def normalize_header(header) when is_binary(header) do
    header
    |> String.trim()
    |> String.downcase()
    |> transliterate_unicode()
    |> unify_hyphens()
    |> normalize_punctuation()
    |> compress_whitespace()
    |> String.trim()
  end

  def normalize_header(_), do: ""

  @doc """
  Builds column maps for member fields and custom fields from CSV headers.

  ## Parameters

  - `headers` - List of CSV header strings (in column order, 0-based indices)
  - `custom_fields` - List of custom field maps/structs with at least `:id` and `:name` keys

  ## Returns

  - `{:ok, %{member: column_map, custom: custom_field_map, unknown: unknown_headers}}` on success
  - `{:error, reason}` on error (missing required field, duplicate headers)

  ## Examples

      iex> build_maps(["Email", "First Name"], [])
      {:ok, %{member: %{email: 0, first_name: 1}, custom: %{}, unknown: []}}

      iex> build_maps(["Email", "CustomField"], [%{id: "cf1", name: "CustomField"}])
      {:ok, %{member: %{email: 0}, custom: %{"cf1" => 1}, unknown: []}}

  """
  @spec build_maps([String.t()], [map()]) ::
          {:ok, %{member: column_map(), custom: custom_field_map(), unknown: unknown_headers()}}
          | {:error, String.t()}
  def build_maps(headers, custom_fields) when is_list(headers) and is_list(custom_fields) do
    with {:ok, member_map, unknown_after_member} <- build_member_map(headers),
         {:ok, custom_map, unknown_after_custom} <-
           build_custom_field_map(headers, unknown_after_member, custom_fields, member_map) do
      unknown = Enum.map(unknown_after_custom, &Enum.at(headers, &1))
      {:ok, %{member: member_map, custom: custom_map, unknown: unknown}}
    end
  end

  # --- Private Functions ---

  # Transliterates German umlauts and special characters
  defp transliterate_unicode(str) do
    str
    |> String.replace("ß", "ss")
    |> String.replace("ä", "ae")
    |> String.replace("ö", "oe")
    |> String.replace("ü", "ue")
    |> String.replace("Ä", "ae")
    |> String.replace("Ö", "oe")
    |> String.replace("Ü", "ue")
  end

  # Unifies different hyphen variants to standard hyphen
  defp unify_hyphens(str) do
    str
    # en dash
    |> String.replace(<<0x2013::utf8>>, "-")
    # em dash
    |> String.replace(<<0x2014::utf8>>, "-")
    # minus sign
    |> String.replace(<<0x2212::utf8>>, "-")
  end

  # Normalizes punctuation: parentheses, slashes, underscores become spaces
  defp normalize_punctuation(str) do
    str
    |> String.replace("_", " ")
    |> String.replace(~r/[()\[\]{}]/, " ")
    |> String.replace(~r/[\/\\]/, " ")
  end

  # Compresses multiple whitespace characters to single space, then removes all spaces
  # This ensures "first name" and "firstname" normalize to the same value
  defp compress_whitespace(str) do
    str
    |> String.replace(~r/\s+/, " ")
    |> String.replace(" ", "")
  end

  # Builds member field column map
  defp build_member_map(headers) do
    result =
      headers
      |> Enum.with_index()
      |> Enum.reduce_while({%{}, []}, fn {header, index}, {acc_map, acc_unknown} ->
        normalized = normalize_header(header)

        case process_member_header(header, index, normalized, acc_map, %{}) do
          {:error, reason} ->
            {:halt, {:error, reason}}

          {:ok, new_map, _} ->
            {:cont, {new_map, acc_unknown}}

          {:unknown} ->
            {:cont, {acc_map, [index | acc_unknown]}}
        end
      end)

    case result do
      {:error, reason} ->
        {:error, reason}

      {member_map, unknown_indices} ->
        validate_required_fields(member_map, unknown_indices)
    end
  end

  # Processes a single header for member field mapping
  defp process_member_header(_header, _index, normalized, acc_map, acc_seen)
       when normalized == "" do
    {:ok, acc_map, acc_seen}
  end

  defp process_member_header(_header, index, normalized, acc_map, _acc_seen) do
    case Map.get(normalized_to_canonical(), normalized) do
      nil ->
        {:unknown}

      canonical ->
        if Map.has_key?(acc_map, canonical) do
          {:error, "duplicate header for #{canonical} (normalized: #{normalized})"}
        else
          {:ok, Map.put(acc_map, canonical, index), %{}}
        end
    end
  end

  # Validates that all required member fields are present
  defp validate_required_fields(member_map, unknown_indices) do
    missing_required =
      @required_member_fields
      |> Enum.filter(&(not Map.has_key?(member_map, &1)))

    if Enum.empty?(missing_required) do
      {:ok, member_map, Enum.reverse(unknown_indices)}
    else
      missing_field = List.first(missing_required)
      variants = Map.get(@member_field_variants_raw, missing_field, [])
      accepted = Enum.join(variants, ", ")

      {:error, "Missing required header: #{missing_field} (accepted: #{accepted})"}
    end
  end

  # Builds custom field column map from unmatched headers
  defp build_custom_field_map(headers, unknown_indices, custom_fields, _member_map) do
    custom_field_lookup = build_custom_field_lookup(custom_fields)

    result =
      unknown_indices
      |> Enum.reduce_while({%{}, []}, fn index, {acc_map, acc_unknown} ->
        header = Enum.at(headers, index)
        normalized = normalize_header(header)

        case process_custom_field_header(
               header,
               index,
               normalized,
               custom_field_lookup,
               acc_map,
               %{}
             ) do
          {:error, reason} ->
            {:halt, {:error, reason}}

          {:ok, new_map, _} ->
            {:cont, {new_map, acc_unknown}}

          {:unknown} ->
            {:cont, {acc_map, [index | acc_unknown]}}
        end
      end)

    case result do
      {:error, reason} ->
        {:error, reason}

      {custom_map, remaining_unknown} ->
        {:ok, custom_map, Enum.reverse(remaining_unknown)}
    end
  end

  # Builds normalized custom field name -> id lookup map
  defp build_custom_field_lookup(custom_fields) do
    custom_fields
    |> Enum.reduce(%{}, fn cf, acc ->
      name = Map.get(cf, :name) || Map.get(cf, "name")
      id = Map.get(cf, :id) || Map.get(cf, "id")

      if name && id do
        normalized_name = normalize_header(name)
        Map.put(acc, normalized_name, id)
      else
        acc
      end
    end)
  end

  # Processes a single header for custom field mapping
  defp process_custom_field_header(
         _header,
         _index,
         normalized,
         _custom_field_lookup,
         acc_map,
         _acc_seen
       )
       when normalized == "" do
    {:ok, acc_map, %{}}
  end

  defp process_custom_field_header(
         _header,
         index,
         normalized,
         custom_field_lookup,
         acc_map,
         _acc_seen
       ) do
    if Map.has_key?(custom_field_lookup, normalized) do
      custom_field_id = custom_field_lookup[normalized]

      if Map.has_key?(acc_map, custom_field_id) do
        {:error, "duplicate custom field header (normalized: #{normalized})"}
      else
        {:ok, Map.put(acc_map, custom_field_id, index), %{}}
      end
    else
      {:unknown}
    end
  end
end